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Spatio-temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring

Academic article
Year of publication
2020
Journal
Addiction
External websites
Cristin
Arkiv
Doi
Involved from NIVA
Malcolm Reid
Contributors
Iria González-Mariño, Jose Antonio Baz-Lomba, Nikiforos Alygizakis, Maria Jesus Andres-Costa, Richard Bade, Anne Bannwarth, Leon P Barron, Frederic Been, Lisa Benaglia, Jean-Daniel Berset, Lubertus Bijlsma, Igor Bodík, Asher Brenner, Andreas L Brock, Daniel A Burgard, Erika Castrignanò, Alberto Celma, Christophoros Christophoridis, Adrian Covaci, Olivier Delemont, Pim de Voogt, Damien A Devault, Mário J. Dias, Erik Emke, Pierre Esseiva, Despo Fatta-Kassinos, Ganna Fedorova, Konstantinos Fytianos, Cobus Gerber, Roman Grabic, Emma Gracia-Lor, Stefan Grüner, Teemu Gunnar, Evroula Hapeshi, Ester Heath, Björn Helm, Félix Hernández, Aino Kankaanpaa, Sara Karolak, Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern, Ivona Krizman-Matasic, Foon Yin Lai, Wojciech Lechowicz, Alvaro Lopes, Miren López de Alda, Ester López-García, Arndís S. C. Löve, Nicola Mastroianni, Gillian L. McEneff, Rosa Montes, Kelly Munro, Thomas Nefau, Herbert Oberacher, Jake W O'Brien, Reinhard Oertel, Kristín Ólafsdóttir, Yolanda Pico, Benedek G. Plósz, Fabio Polesel, Cristina Postigo, José Benito Quintana, Pedram Ramin, Malcolm J Reid, Jack Rice, Rosario Rodil, Noelia Salgueiro-González, Sara Schubert, Ivan Senta, Susana M Simoes, Maja M. Sremacki, Katarzyna Styszko, Senka Terzic, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Kevin V Thomas, Ben J Tscharke, Robin Udrisard, Alexander L.N. van Nuijs, Viviane Yargeau, Ettore Zuccato, Sara Castiglioni, Christoph Ort

Summary

Wastewater‐based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population‐normalized mass loads of benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in raw wastewater over 7 years (2011–17); (ii) address overall drug use by estimating the average number of combined doses consumed per day in each city; and (iii) compare these with existing prevalence and seizure data.