PFAS in drinking water in India - A review

Summary

PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a large group of chemicals used in a wide range of consumer products, including firefighting foam, textiles, food packaging, and personal care products. Because PFAS are highly persistent and can accumulate in humans to toxic levels, there are concerns about the longterm effects of exposure. PFAS in drinking water is an emerging environmental and public health concern in India, and information on concentrations in drinking water, including surface and groundwater, is limited. As India continues its path towards sustainable development, regulations are needed to prevent further PFAS contamination of drinking water and to set safe limits for drinking water. A nationwide monitoring network for PFAS in drinking water is needed, and infrastructure and technology investments for water treatment should be prioritized, especially in vulnerable communities. Research should focus on generating key data, highlighting factual inaccuracies, and suggesting safe substitutes for PFAS, in order to support evidence-based policy making. Multisectoral action is needed to reduce the risks of PFAS exposure through drinking water consumption in India, including technical developments, improved public knowledge, and community engagement.